Beaudette C, Bradley RL, Whalen JK, McVetty PBE, Vessey K, Smith DL.( 2010). Angus JF, Kirkegaard JA, Hunt JR, Ryan MH, Ohlander L, Peoples MB.

Wageningen, the Netherlands: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Situational analysis study for the agriculture sector in Kenya. On farm evaluation of yield and economic benefits of short term maize legume intercropping systems under conservation Agriculture in Malawi. Page(s): 01-08 Date of Publication: 25 July 2022 Since FYM and (Mavuno+FYM) is cheaper than Mavuno, growing either soybean, common bean groundnut or sesame intercropping system with sorghum with application of the above is recommended for improved legume grain yields and soil fertility improvement. Application of Mavuno, FYM or their combination gave comparable results with respect to the intercrop yields. Legume crops due to their N-fixation, litter fall and mineralization made availability of P and N. Application of Mavuno, FYM or their combination resulted in significantly higher legume, sesame crop yields above the control in the second season. Subplots comprised of the legume intercrops mentioned above. Main plots were fertilizer inputs Mavuno, FYM or their combination. The design was a split plot in a randomized complete block design. The experiments comprised either soybean, common bean groundnut or sesame grown with sorghum.

Field experiments to evaluate effect of phosphorus (P) fertilizers, organic and integration of legumes in sorghum cropping systems on soil, available nitrogen (N) and P, were conducted in Busia County of Kenya during the short (SRS) and long rain seasons (LRS) of 2016 and LRS of 2017 respectively. Depletion of essential plant nutrients from the soils have been cited as the main contributing factors due to continues cultivation of cereal crops without application of organic/ inorganic fertilizers. Declining crops yield in the smallholder farmers cropping systems of sub-Saharan African (SSA) present the need to develop more sustainable production systems.

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